/* Universal selector: removes default browser margin and padding */
*
{
    margin: 0;
    /* Removes default margins applied by the browser */

    padding: 0;
    /* Removes default internal spacing (padding) */

    box-sizing: border-box;
    /* Includes padding and border inside the element’s width and height */
}


/* Global body styles */
body
{
    font-family: sans-serif;
    /* Uses a clean and readable font */

    font-size: 16px;
    /* Sets a standard base font size */

    background-color: #f4f4f4;
    /* Light background color to contrast with the navbar */
}


/* Header section */
header
{
    position: sticky;
    /* Makes the navbar stick to the top while scrolling */

    top: 0;
    /* Positions the header at the top of the viewport */

    z-index: 1000;
    /* Ensures the navbar stays above other elements */
}


/* Navigation bar */
nav
{
    display: flex;
    /* Enables Flexbox for horizontal alignment */

    justify-content: space-between;
    /* Distributes space evenly between elements */

    align-items: center;
    /* Vertically centers items */

    background-color: #333;
    /* Dark background color for the navbar */

    padding: 20px 40px;
    /* Vertical spacing for a comfortable navbar height */
}


/* Logo styling */
nav .logo
{
    color: #fff;
    /* Sets the logo color to white */

    text-decoration: none;
    /* Removes underline from the logo link */

    font-size: 18px;
    /* Slightly increases the logo size */

    font-weight: bold;
    /* Makes the logo stand out */

    padding: 8px 12px;
    /*adds internal spacing around the logo */
}

/* Hover effect directly on the logo link */
nav .logo:hover
{
    color: #00bfff; 
    /* Change text color to light blue on hover */

    background-color: #555; 
    /* Optional: light gray background */
}


/* Menu list */
nav ul
{
    list-style: none;
    /* Removes default bullet points */

    display: flex;
    /* Displays menu items in a single row */

    gap: 20px;
    /* Adds spacing between menu links */
}


/* Menu links */
nav ul li a
{
    color: #fff;
    /* White color for navigation links */

    text-decoration: none;
    /* Removes default link underline */

    padding: 8px 12px;
    /* Adds internal spacing for better clickability */

    transition: color 0.3s ease, background-color 0.3s ease;
    /* Smooth transition effect for hover interactions */
}


/* Hover effect on menu links */
nav ul li a:hover
{
    color: #00bfff;
    /* Light blue text color on hover */

    background-color: #555;
    /* Light gray background on hover */
}


/* Mobile responsive styles */
@media (max-width: 767px)
{
    
    nav
    /* Targets the navigation bar on small screens */
    {
        flex-direction: column;
        /* Stacks the logo above the menu on small screens */

         padding: 20px 20px;
        /* Mobile: compact and comfortable */
    }

    nav ul
    /* Targets the navigation links list */
    {
        flex-direction: column;
        /* Displays menu links vertically */

        align-items: center;
        /* Centers links horizontally */

        margin-top: 20px;
        /* Adds space between the logo and the menu */
    }
}

/* TABLETS (768px → 991px) */
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px) {

    nav 
    /* Navigation bar layout for tablets */
    {
        flex-direction: row;
        /* Aligns logo and menu on the same row */
        }

    
    nav ul 
    /* Menu links container */
    {
        flex-direction: row;
        /* Displays menu links horizontally */

        gap: 20px; 
        /* Adds equal spacing between each menu item */
    }
}

/* DESKTOP (≥ 992px) */
@media (min-width: 992px) {
    
    nav ul 
    /* Menu links on large screens */
    {
        gap: 30px;
        /* Increases spacing for better readability */
    }
   
}

 /* Hover interactions (desktop devices only) */
@media (hover: hover) {
    /* Media query that targets devices capable of hover interactions (desktop/mouse users) */
    
/* Hover effect for both the logo and menu links */
/* When the user hovers over the logo or any navigation link, the text color changes and the background gets highlighted */
nav .logo:hover,
nav ul li a:hover {
    color: #00bfff;          /* Changes the text color to light blue */
    background-color: #555;  /* Adds a dark gray background on hover */
}

}